Whether you're planning on renting or purchasing an excavator, it's important that you go into the shopping process with an understanding of the different types of excavators, their capabilities, and their shortcomings. Excavators are earthmoving vehicles easily identifiable by their arm, bucket, rotating cab, and moveable tracks. The biggest differentiating factor between the various models is their size, as size often correlates with a range of mobility and lift and dig capacity. The type of excavator you'll need will vary depending on the working conditions and requirements of the job.

Below we outline different types of excavators and their various uses.

1. Crawler Excavators

Use for: Mining, landscape grading, and trench digging.

・ Good for uneven terrain.

・ It's slower than a wheeled excavator.

The crawler excavator (also referred to as the standard excavator) is called a crawler because it runs on　two rotating tracks instead of wheels—in much the same way a tank does. The crawler uses hydraulic power and although it's slower than a wheeled excavator, its tracked chassis makes it more stable. This is what makes the crawler excavator a good choice for steep, rough, or muddy landscapes—The chain wheel system allows it to balance better on uneven terrain.

2. Wheeled Excavators

Use for: Jobs on flat/hard surfaces.

・It's fast and easy to move on concrete.

・It won't work well in muddy or hilly terrain.

The wheeled excavator is like the crawler (standard) excavator, but, as the name suggests, it has wheels instead of tracks. Because the wheeled excavator has less traction than the standard, it's best used on asphalt or concrete.

While the wheeled excavator is not suited for sites with soft soil or hills and slopes, it's faster than a crawler when operated on a smooth, hard surface. It's also easier to maneuver.

3. Long Reach Excavators

Use for: Hard-to-reach areas.

・ It has a long extendable arm, which makes it easier to excavate from a safe distance.

・ The long arm makes it impossible to excavate in tight spaces.

As the name suggests, the long reach excavator has a lengthy arm and boom. The long reach excavator's extendable arm has a range of 40 to 100 feet, making it possible to reach construction zones that are over 100 feet away horizontally.

This type of excavator is made for jobs where the terrain or construction site prevents the machine and operator from getting too close, such as demolition projects that are over a river or lake.

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